Human error is a major factor in cyber security incidents, with reports such as the 2022 Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report showing humans play a role in 82% of cyber attacks. Scammers use social engineering tactics to manipulate employees into actions that benefit attackers, from revealing sensitive data to installing malware.
Social engineering encompasses a variety of strategies designed to exploit human psychology. Understanding these tactics and implementing effective countermeasures is essential for organisations aiming to reduce cyber risk.
Six of the Most Common Social Engineering Attacks
1. Phishing and Spear Phishing
Phishing is a primary tool for hackers to manipulate individuals. Variations include email phishing, spear phishing, SMShing (text messages), and vishing (phone calls). These attacks often attempt to trick employees into clicking malicious links, sharing credentials, or downloading infected attachments.
2. Social Media Exploitation
Social media can provide attackers with abundant personal and professional information. Oversharing by employees can lead to data exposure, loss of confidential information, or increased legal risks. Fraudsters use this information to craft targeted attacks, such as Business Email Compromise (BEC).
3. Tailgating and Piggybacking
Tailgating occurs when an unauthorised individual gains access to restricted areas by following someone else. This tactic can also be digital, with attackers gaining credentials or sensitive data once inside the network. Physical tailgating often involves looking over an employee’s shoulder to capture passwords or other private information.
4. Pretexting
Pretexting involves impersonating a trusted authority figure to gain information. Attackers may pose as contractors, executives, or IT personnel, leveraging confidence and social cues to deceive employees into sharing sensitive data or access credentials.
5. Baiting
Baiting uses enticing offers to manipulate employees. For example, free downloads of media or software may carry malware. A notorious example was a pirated version of Game of Thrones, which infected 126,340 users in 2018 with malware after downloading the file.
6. Quid Pro Quo
Quid Pro Quo attacks involve offering something in exchange for sensitive information. For example, attackers posing as tech support may request login credentials under the pretext of preventing a ransomware attack, giving them access to corporate networks.
Three Ways to Protect Employees from Social Engineering Attacks
1. Establish Clear Policies and Procedures
Social engineers exploit gaps in processes, such as lax access controls or poor social media practices. Implementing policies that define secure procedures and restrict oversharing reduces opportunities for attackers.
2. Train Employees on Social Engineering Tactics
Regular, engaging Security Awareness Training helps employees identify scams. Training should cover all common social engineering techniques and use interactive, informative modules. Tracking engagement ensures your organisation can update training as threats evolve.
3. Use Simulated Phishing Campaigns
Phishing simulations replicate real-world attacks to teach employees how to respond safely. Platforms like MetaCompliance Phishing Simulation provide instant feedback when users interact with malicious links, reinforcing correct behaviour and strengthening organisational security.
Learn More About MetaCompliance Solutions
Preventing social engineering attacks requires structured processes, training, and monitoring. MetaCompliance offers a comprehensive suite of tools to enhance employee awareness and strengthen cyber resilience. Our Human Risk Management Platform includes:
- Automated Security Awareness
- Advanced Phishing Simulations
- Risk Intelligence & Analytics
- Compliance Management
These solutions help organisations build robust defences against social engineering, safeguard data, and demonstrate compliance. Contact us today to book a demo and see how MetaCompliance can enhance your security posture.
Social Engineering in Cyber Security: FAQs
What is social engineering in cyber security?
Social engineering is the use of manipulation and deception to trick employees into revealing sensitive information or performing unsafe actions.
What are the most common social engineering attacks?
Common attacks include phishing, pretexting, tailgating, baiting, Quid Pro Quo, and exploitation of social media.
How can organisations prevent social engineering attacks?
Prevention includes strong policies, employee training, access controls, and phishing simulation programs.
What is phishing simulation?
Phishing simulation replicates real-world phishing attacks to educate employees and test their responses safely.