What is Social Engineering?

What Is Social Engineering? A Complete Guide to Modern Cyber Attacks

Social Engineering is a term we often hear in the news when discussing cyber-attacks, but what is Social Engineering and why is it such a powerful threat?

Social Engineering is the manipulation of people into revealing sensitive information or performing actions that compromise security. Instead of relying solely on technical hacking techniques, cybercriminals exploit human trust, emotions, and behaviour.

These attacks continue to grow in both sophistication and frequency, making them one of the most effective ways for criminals to gain unauthorised access to networks, systems, and data.

Common Types of Social Engineering Attacks

While Social Engineering can take many forms, every attack shares a single goal: to exploit human behaviour. Below are the most prevalent attack types.

Phishing

Phishing is the most widespread Social Engineering technique due to its high success rate. Most cyber-attacks begin with a phishing email designed to trick recipients into sharing personal data or downloading malware.

Phishing emails appear legitimate, often imitating trusted organisations. Once a user clicks a link or opens an attachment, their device may become infected with malicious software.

Vishing

Vishing (voice phishing) takes place over the phone. These scams rely heavily on human interaction, using urgency or fear to pressure victims into disclosing confidential information.

Calls are often made using spoofed numbers, making them seem credible. Attackers may pretend to be bank staff reporting suspicious activity, persuading victims to reveal passwords, account details, or PINs.

Smishing

Smishing uses text messages (SMS) rather than emails. Fraudsters send urgent messages claiming to be from banks, tax authorities, or even friends. The message usually prompts the user to click a malicious link, provide account details, or call a fake support number.

Spear Phishing

Spear phishing targets specific individuals or organisations. Attackers gather personal details from social media or public sources to craft highly believable messages. These tailored emails aim to steal sensitive information or deliver malware.

Whaling

Whaling is a high-level phishing attack aimed at senior executives, politicians, and other high-profile targets. Because the potential reward is greater, whaling emails are highly researched, personalised, and difficult to detect.

Baiting

Baiting involves offering something enticing—such as free downloads or rewards—in exchange for login details or clicks. Attackers may also leave infected USB drives in public places, relying on curiosity to spread malware.

Tailgating

Tailgating occurs when an attacker physically follows an authorised employee into a restricted area. For example, posing as a delivery driver and asking staff to hold the door open. Once inside, attackers may access confidential documents, devices, or systems.

How to Protect Yourself Against Social Engineering

To reduce exposure to these attacks:

• Avoid opening emails from unknown senders.
• Never click suspicious links or attachments.
• Use up-to-date anti-virus software.
• Follow your organisation’s privacy and security policies.

Explore MetaCompliance Cyber Security Solutions

To explore how MetaCompliance can help protect your organisation, browse our cyber security solutions below or contact us for a free demo.

• Human Risk Management Platform
• Automated Security Awareness
• Advanced Phishing Simulations
• Risk Intelligence & Analytics
• Compliance Management